Makhe sihlalutye iingenelo kunye nezingeloncedo zezibane nganye kwezi zilapha.
Izibane ze-1.Incandescent
Izibane ze-incandescent zikwabizwa ngokuba ziibhalbhu zokukhanya.Isebenza ngokuvelisa ubushushu xa umbane udlula kwifilament.Ukuphakama kweqondo lobushushu lomcu, kokukhona ukukhanya kukhutshwa.Kubizwa ngokuba sisibane se-incandescent.
Xa isibane se-incandescent sikhupha ukukhanya, isixa esikhulu samandla ombane siguqulwa sibe ngamandla obushushu, kwaye sisixa esincinci kuphela esinokuguqulwa sibe namandla okukhanya aluncedo.
Ukukhanya okukhutshwa zizibane ze-incandescent kukukhanya kombala ogcweleyo, kodwa umlinganiselo wokubunjwa kokukhanya kombala ngamnye umiselwa yi-luminescent material (tungsten) kunye nobushushu.
Ubomi besibane se-incandescent buhambelana nobushushu be-filament, kuba ukufudumala kweqondo lokushisa, kulula ukuba i-filament i-sublimate.Xa i-tungsten wire i-sublimated ibe yincinci, kulula ukutshisa emva kokuba inamandla, ngaloo ndlela iphelisa ubomi besibane.Ngoko ke, ukuphakama kwamandla kwesibane se-incandescent, bufutshane ubomi.
Ukungalungi: Kuzo zonke izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezisebenzisa umbane, izibane ze-incandescent zezona zisebenza ngokuncinci.Inxalenye encinci yamandla ombane ayisebenzisileyo inokuguqulwa ibe amandla okukhanya, kwaye intsalela ilahlekile ngendlela yamandla obushushu.Ngokuphathelele ixesha lokukhanyisa, ubomi bezibane ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo abukho ngaphezu kweeyure ze-1000.
2. izibane ze-fluorescent
Indlela esebenza ngayo: Ityhubhu yefluorescent yityhubhu yokukhupha igesi evaliweyo.
Ityhubhu ye-fluorescent ixhomekeke kwiiathom ze-mercury zetyhubhu yesibane ukukhulula imisebe ye-ultraviolet ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegesi.Malunga ne-60% yokusetyenziswa kombane inokuguqulwa ibe sisibane se-UV.Amanye amandla aguqulwa abe ngamandla obushushu.
I-fluorescent substance kwindawo yangaphakathi ye-fluorescent tube ithatha imisebe ye-ultraviolet kwaye ikhuphe ukukhanya okubonakalayo.Izinto zefluorescent ezahlukeneyo zikhupha ukukhanya okubonakalayo okwahlukileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo malunga ne-40%.Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesibane se-fluorescent malunga ne-60% x 40% = 24%.
Izinto ezingeloncedo: Ukungalungi kweizibane zefluorescentkukuba inkqubo yemveliso kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo emva kokuba zilahliwe, ikakhulu ungcoliseko lwemekyuri, azihambelani nokusingqongileyo.Ngokuphuculwa kwenkqubo, ungcoliseko lwe-amalgam luyancipha kancinci kancinci.
3. izibane ezonga amandla
Izibane ezonga amandla, ekwaziwa ngokuba zizibane ezixineneyo zefluorescent (ezifinyeziweyo njengeIzibane ze-CFLphesheya), zineengenelo zokuphumelela okuphezulu okukhanyayo (amaxesha ama-5 eebhalbhu eziqhelekileyo), isiphumo esicacileyo sokonga amandla, kunye nobomi obude (amaxesha asi-8 eebhalbhu eziqhelekileyo).Ubungakanani obuncinci kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Isebenza ngokusisiseko ngokufanayo nesibane se-fluorescent.
Izinto ezingeloncedo: Imitha yemitha ye-electromagnetic yezibane ezonga amandla ikwavela kwi-ionization reaction ye-electrons kunye negesi yemercury.Ngexesha elifanayo, izibane zokugcina amandla kufuneka zongeze i-phosphors yomhlaba enqabileyo.Ngenxa ye-radioactivity ye-phosphors yomhlaba enqabileyo, izibane zokonga amandla ziya kuvelisa imitha ye-ionizing.Xa kuthelekiswa nokungaqiniseki kwemitha ye-electromagnetic, umonakalo wemitha egqithisileyo emzimbeni womntu ufanele ukuhoywa.
Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokunciphisa umgaqo wokusebenza kwezibane zokulondoloza amandla, i-mercury kwi-tube yesibane ibophelelekile ukuba ibe ngumthombo oyintloko wokungcola.
4.Izibane ze-LED
I-LED (i-Light Emitting Diode), i-diode ekhupha ukukhanya, i-solid-state semiconductor device enokuguqula amandla ombane ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, okunokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo umbane ekukhanyeni.Intliziyo ye-LED yi-chip ye-semiconductor, enye isiphelo se-chip ifakwe kwi-bracket, enye isiphelo yi-electrode engafanelekanga, kwaye enye isiphelo idibaniswe ne-electrode efanelekileyo yonikezelo lwamandla, ukuze yonke i-chip ifakwe. nge epoxy resin.
I-wafer ye-semiconductor inamacandelo amabini, enye inxalenye yi-P-type semiconductor, apho imingxuma ilawula, kwaye enye isiphelo yi-N-type semiconductor, apho i-electrons ubukhulu becala.Kodwa xa i-semiconductors ezimbini zixhunyiwe, i-PN junction yenziwa phakathi kwabo.Xa izenzo zangoku kwi-wafer ngocingo, ii-electron ziya kutyhalelwa kwindawo ye-P, apho i-electron kunye nemingxuma iphinda ihlangane, kwaye iphinde ikhuphe amandla ngendlela yeefotoni, engumgaqo wokukhutshwa kokukhanya kwe-LED.Ubude bokukhanya, obukwangumbala wokukhanya, bumiselwa yimathiriyeli eyenza i-PN junction.
Ukungalungi: Izibane ze-LED zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izixhobo zokukhanyisa.
Isishwankathelo, izibane ze-LED zineenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwezinye izibane, kwaye izibane ze-LED ziya kuba zizibane eziqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.